Monday, December 21, 2020

Scene & Emotional Storyboards

 Sometimes a picture is worth a thousand words, they say. When writing a play (or story) you might find it useful to see what the action of your scene might look like. For those of you who need a more visual representation of the action, plot, setting, character arc, or character emotional journey in a scene or act of your play, try storyboarding.

Storyboards are used primarily in film to help designers "picture" what a shot or scene might look like. But we can also use them to see the status quo, the inciting incident, the rising action, the turning point, the dark moment, the enlightenment, the climax, the falling action, and resolution of our story. We can also use them to show the change in emotion for a character in a scene to help us create dynamic characters. These can be done with words as much as pictures, if you'd like (or are afraid of drawing stick figures). Emotional storyboards can be used to track the emotional journey of a character or characters in a scene. They can also be used to show the physical action of the characters or actors on stage for directors or writers. See the attachments below to help you set up your own storyboards if that will help you unstick and progress in your writing process.

What's the Problem? (Motivating Yourself; Using Aristotle's 6 Parts to Focus Our Writing)

Work on writing your play draft, using your story outline as a guide. [If you don't have an outline yet, please catch up with us or you will be in danger of not completing or having the time to complete your play draft project. Get going with that creative process, please!]

No matter where you are with your process, you're going to get stuck. When that happens, think about what problem you're having moving forward. The answer or solution to your problem might be described below. Drama = conflict. Put simply, anything that makes a character's objective difficult to achieve, an obstacle, that gets in the way of a character's needs, wants, or expectations. Obstacles, of course, can be person v. person, (an argument or clashing objectives); person v. self (a flaw, a bad decision or action with unseen consequences, a contradictory belief or action); person v. society (a conflicting belief or philosophy, a problem, a lack of resources); or person v. nature (setting, environment, fear or neglect of natural forces); or person v. fate/god (a spiritual or ethical failing, ignoring human nature or the natural order of physical or metaphysical laws). When building your scenes, you want to remember that each scene (long or short) should include a problem (big or small) for the protagonist(s) to confront. It is likely as we begin writing the play, we will run into certain problems (conflicts) of our own as writers. Take a look at what problem(s) you might be having and use the prompts for each section to help you move forward with your scene, act, or play. Plot/Conflict: --Your first scene should present a problem for one or more of your characters. Don't avoid introducing your conflict. Get it going, get it described almost immediately. When you find yourself in a dry patch (unsure where to take the scene next), consider how your characters are reacting and trying to solve a problem. If needed, start a new problem (possibly connected to your initial problem that starts the play or scene...!) --It's okay to build more slowly (particularly in a longer play), but remember that your inciting incident should begin your rising action. From your rising action, your characters should reach a turning point (dark moment, enlightenment) before rising to your climax. After your climax, you need falling action and a resolution. Exposition and backstory (or subplots) can release the build of tension in a scene, act, or play. If you find you have nowhere to go, allow a release of tension before building again. [Notice how Albee does this masterfully in Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf!] --Give your character(s) a strategy to try (and fail at!) before they succeed. Usually, good conflict is not easily solved. The first couple times we try to solve a problem, we may not be successful. Consider how an action or approach to solve a problem can "go wrong"--and then let it. --For each scene or act, divide it into 3 parts (beginning, middle, end). In a single sentence for each part of your scene, define what happens or what the "main event" of this part of the scene or act will be...[First, this will happen...; then second this will happen; then, finally, this will happen as a result...] Character Development: --Answer: What's at stake for your characters? What does your character want in this scene? It's okay if they talk about it! What do they want? What do they fear will happen if they don't get what they want? Have characters talk about their strategies to get what they want (or their fears about not getting it!) --Describe each of your characters in one word. Then try again in one sentence. Finally, describe your character as a metphor or simile. --Give your character a secret. What "secret" does the character keep? What will happen to the character if this "secret" is revealed? [Note that at some point, the audience MUST learn this secret and so should the other characters...!] --Give your character a prop (an item or costume piece they use to help define who or what they are or want). Give each of your characters a different prop. Setting/Stage, Music & Spectacle: --Draw a sketch or picture of your set. You can also make a character rendering (an artist's sketch of a character's costume). See attachments as an example. --Give each character a musical theme to help define them. Everytime they show up on stage, what song might play? How does this contrast with the style of song or music already playing for the other character's on stage? --Turn off the lights (figuratively--or literally). If we could only HEAR the scene or act, what sounds would help "tell the story"? --What theatrical conventions might you want to try in your scene or act? (Asides, masks, stage combat, cross-dressing, farce, multiple roles for actors, choreography, musical numbers, choruses, lighting effects, etc.) Dialogue & Language: --Give each character a different or unique manner of speaking. (Maybe your character speaks using a lot of proverbs or cliched sayings; maybe your character stutters or pauses a lot; maybe your character never speaks directly, but blathers on and on, maybe your character says very little or doesn't respond to other characters easily unless forced to. Etc.) --Subtext is the meaning and intention under every word or line spoken by a character. Actors study a character's subtext, so give your actor something to work with by providing subtext for your characters when speaking their lines. --Dialogue and beats in a scene should sound natural, yes, but our dialogue in a play is often heightened speech...in other words, it should sound good and provide a mental picture for the audience. Use imagery! Describe abstract ideas through concrete comparisons (metaphor, similes, personification; for sound imagery use alliteration, assonance, consonance, euphony, onomatopoeia, rhyme, meter, kenning, or other musical sound techniques). --Characters can lie. Have them lie about what they want, then, eventually, reveal the lie. This can work with a character's actions as well. A character may go to great risk and length to do some action that shows others that what they really want is contrary to the action performed. Theme: --What's the big idea in your play? How do the actions, plot or conflict, props, set pieces, or characters help indicate the message you want to leave your audience? --One of the biggest problems writers have is that they expect a theme to just show up without introducing it (or don't know why they're writing a play in the first place). Have your characters talk about the theme or main idea you want to communicate or talk about in your scene or act. --Include a debate involving an issue and its other side(s) between your characters. --State your theme for the scene or act in one sentence. If this were a chapter title, what would it be? --Create a title that connects to your theme. [You can even temporarily name your characters as allegorical ideas that support your theme...Mr. Lecherous might date Miss Innocent, or Angry Guy might argue with Sad Guy.] These are just some exercises and bits of advice to try when you get stuck. Come back to this as needed while you write your play draft. Also, take a look at the attachments here for more help. Most of these ideas also work for short story writing, poems, film scripts, and essays.

The Roots of Action (Getting Your Story Moving!)

Starting with your play's outline (if you haven't completed this step, please do so before attempting this exercise...!), consider at what point you want to start your story. When should the lights come up on the action of your play?

Where a scene starts reflects what has gone on BEFORE the lights come up. What exists HERE and NOW as a result of past action and past circumstances of your characters? Think about the recent backstory of your characters just before the lights come up on stage. 1. What have your characters been doing? 2. What do they know of believe now at this moment as a result of what events or actions happened in the recent past? 3. How do your characters feel NOW? 4. What are your characters relationships with one another? How will that be explained or expressed on stage? Our actions are often revealed by our CIRCUMSTANCES at any given moment. These circumstances are the roots of action for a scene. Circumstances can be physical, psychological, social, economic, or political. In Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf, for example, George & Martha have just arrived home from a party that Martha's father threw in honor of a new faculty member at the college. We learn quickly that Martha has invited them over for more drinks and that it is very late, and both George & Martha are drunk (Martha) and/or tired (George). These are physical circumstances that begin the play. But there are also psychological circumstances, that are also social and political. Martha is upset that George doesn't "mix" at parties and has not risen to the position of heading his department at the college. George has a dislike for his father-in-law (reasons for which become clear later in the play). As the play begins, the audience witnesses the tension in the relationship between George & Martha. The arrival of Honey and Nick only exasperate the situation. For each of your characters, consider what their circumstances are just before they arrive on stage. What pressures, problems, concerns, or feelings do they have about what they have just encountered? This is often a good time to bring them on stage and get your scene moving along with tension and conflict ready to explode. To begin your play, know the circumstances that contribute to your character's pasts. Knowing your character's circumstances can fuel the dramatic energy of your scene. Today, work on starting your play.

Twelfth Night - Acts 3 - 5

 Please complete your reading and/or viewing of Twelfth Night. Notice how the attached performances stage the play. It's important to remember that what you THINK your play is going to look like, might not look ANYTHING LIKE the play you imagine. This is due to the fact that a director and actors will bring different talents and artistic perspective to a play. What you're writing when writing a play is creating the outline of a live experience.

As we view today, follow along (even with the script in hand) and enjoy the performances of Stephen Fry (Malvolio) and Mark Rylance (Olivia)--two famous British actors, in The Globe Theater's 2002 production of 12th Night. Wherever we end our class today, please complete Twelfth Night and answer the following questions (to turn in as participation credit) [Answer both!] A. Identify (specifically) what happens by the END of the play for each of these characters. Do they deserve this ending?: 1. Viola/Cesario 2. Sebastian 3. Sir Toby Belch 4. Antonio 5. Malvolio B. What did you learn about playwriting from reading/viewing Twelfth Night? (for full credit, please be specific!) [Consider: plot, character, theme/idea, dialogue/monologue (language), spectacle/theatrical conventions, music...]

Twelfth Night - Acts 1 & 2

 Before we begin our cross-dressing, x-mas/New Year celebration...let's read Shakespeare's Twelfth Night.

To start, take a virtual tour of Shakespeare's globe. Visit the Globe in London from the attached site below. View the staging area and gain information about what plays were like in Shakespeare's day. Revisit after class to see more. Shakespeare wrote Twelfth Night near the middle of his career, probably in the year 1601. Most critics consider it one of his greatest comedies. Twelfth Night is a comedy about illusion, deception, disguises, madness, and the extraordinary things that love will cause us to do. The holiday for which the title refers (“Twelfth Night”) is usually considered to be a reference to the Feast of the Epiphany, or the twelfth night of the Christmas celebration (January 6, or for us this includes the 12 days from the Solstice on Dec. 21 to our New Year (January 1)). In Shakespeare’s day, this holiday was celebrated as a festival in which everything was turned upside down—much like the upside-down, chaotic world of Illyria in the play. The epiphany included a "King for a Day" concept in which a fool would become King...but only for a day. The celebration was known for its large quantity of drinking and merry-making (Merry Christmas, for example...) I'll take you through the first part of the play as far as I can before our winter break. For submission for next class, please complete reading through Act 2, and answer the following reading/comprehension questions: 1. What is the dramatic irony in the first scene of Act 2 (Act 2, Scene 1)? 2. How might the introduction of Sebastian in Act 2, Scene 1 be important to later events in the play? 3. Where does Sebastian intend to go...AND...Why can't Antonio go with him? 4. How does Viola react when Malvolio catches up to her and wishes to return the ring to her? What lines in Scene 2 help clarify her reaction/understanding of what is going on? 5. What time of day is it when the scene opens with sir Toby and sir Andrew in Scene 3, Act 2? What mood is sir Toby in? What mood is Sir Andrew in ? Why? 6. For what purpose does Maria enter in Scene 3, Act 2? 7. How does Malvolio react toward Sir Toby, Sir Andrew, and Maria? What plan do these 3 characters come up with? 8. What kind of song does Feste sing to Duke Orsino in Scene 4? What are some of the lyrics that prove your answer? 9. What prop does Malvolio find on the garden path in Scene 5, Act 2? 10. What sort of stockings does "Olivia's" letter request that the reader [i.e., Malvolio] wear to prove they return Olivia's love? Please submit your answers by the BEGINNING of our next class (Monday). We will continue reading the play from Act 3 next class.

Sunday, November 22, 2020

Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?

 Due Dec 3

Just in time for Thanksgiving, please read the play Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf and complete the play analysis form for Thursday, Dec. 3. You may also enjoy the film.
Please answer the following questions in your small group discussion today. [As a courtesy, please keep your cameras and microphones on if possible during the discussion period. Participate!] 1.Why does George repeatedly describe Honey as “slim-hipped?” How is this simple reference and character trait connected to the larger theme and issue in the play? 2.A FOIL is a character that compliments or contrasts with another character (usually the protagonist). What similarities exist between Martha and Honey? Between George and Nick? 3. Do George and Martha love each other? What scenes prove this (or prove they don't)? 4. Why do you think this play was controversial, yet a big hit, when it opened in 1962? What is the effect of the play on us in 2020? How did you react to the play? 5. Albee said in a 1966 interview that, “…Of course, who’s afraid of Virginia Woolf means who’s afraid of the big bad wolf . . . who’s afraid of living life without false illusions.” What are some of the false illusions in this play? 6. What false illusions are there in your life? How might this play inspire you to write about them? 7. Compare the aspirations of the women in this play with those of women today. How "woke" are Martha and Honey? How dated is this play in its depiction of women? 8. How is this play still relevant to us today? What themes or issues do we notice? What does this play teach us about adult life? 9. Martha’s father figures prominently in this play, and yet we never see him. Does this make him a symbol, and if so, symbolic of what? How might the play have been different if he was a character on stage? How might the play be different if it was set just an hour or two before the beginning of this play? 10. For which character(s) do you feel sympathy? Why? 11. Martha says, “I’ll make you sorry you ever let yourself down.” Is she more disappointed in George's lack of success or his lack of backbone? How does this drive the conflict in the play? 12. George reads during the party, which infuriates Martha. He reads aloud, “’And the west, encumbered by crippling alliances, and burdened with a morality too rigid to accommodate itself to the swing of events, must…eventually…fall.’” How does this statement relate to George and Martha’s marriage? 13. The characters drink throughout the play. Why might Albee have chosen to write this into the script? How does drinking fit into the theme of this play? [Consider too much drink = drowning, or that alcohol can "loosen" one's morals or one's lips; or that drugs (like alcohol) lie...] 14. What do you think will happen to George and Martha the morning after this play takes place? 15. As George says Catholic prayers for their dead what has really died? (Btw, this is a reference to A Streetcar Named Desire, as well as the Catholic prayer for the dead...) 16. How is the college (the play’s location) a character in this play? How are the characters related to their professions (or lack of them)? [George = History, Nick = Science, Martha = daughter of the dean/wife, Honey = daughter of a preacher/newlywed wife] 17. Have you ever been to a party or experienced a social event (or home life) as frightful as this? What are some things that compel us to endure watching or reading this play? Why is dysfunction an "attention grabber" for us as humans? 18. "Truth and illusion" is an important theme in the play. Why is this theme particularly appropriate for a play, as opposed to a short story, poem, novel, or essay? How is the theme threaded through the conflict and action of the play? What seems to be Albee's point or message? 19. What have you learned about writing plays from reading/watching this play? 20. Answer any questions your group had about the play. Any questions still left to discuss? If you have a topic, share it. If you missed our discussion (absent/technical problems, etc.), please select 5 of these questions and send me your answers/written response to make up the assignment.

Wednesday, November 4, 2020

Driving Miss Daisy

  Image result for driving miss daisy

Driving Miss Daisy by Alfred Uhry.

As we read Driving Miss Daisy, everyone sign up for one of the 3 roles in the play. I'll be switching up readers as we go.

As we read, pay close attention to the role of the dynamic triangle: 3 characters in conflict.

New Vocabulary:

There are two types of sets a playwright can prepare a script for:
A. a realistic set
B. a suggested set
A realistic set (like the set used in 'Night Mother) is a standard, realistic set that looks and feels like the actual setting of the play. It is more detailed and infinitely more expensive. Characters interact with props, costumes, and set pieces. It is not practical to change the setting or location in a realistic set.

suggested set (like the set used in Driving Miss Daisy) allows actors to create the setting through actions (like pretending to drive a car--which would be impractical in a theater) or through dialogue. Setting is described, not built. We use our imagination. Ah, the power of words...

The Murky Middle (Even More Advice)

Aristotle wrote that stories should have a beginning, middle, and end. Middles can be difficult. You might have a smashing opening to a stor...